Ho fumanoa ha kankere ea matsoele ho sithabetsa. Empa kajeno, ka litekanyetso tsa ho pholoha tse ka holimo ho 98%, ho na le mabaka a mangata ho feta leha e le neng pele a ho ba le tšepo. Ka nako e 'ngoe, kankere ea matsoele e ne e ka fumanoa feela ha hlahala e le khōlō ho bona kapa ho ikutloa. Hona joale e ka tsejoa - mme ea phekoloa - pele ho nako, hangata pele matšoao leha e le afe a hlahile.
Khatelo ea bohlokoa ka kankere ea matsoele, ho hlahlojoa le kalafo e kenyeletsa:
- Mammography
- Liphetoho tsa ho buoa
- Mahlaseli
- Chemotherapy
- Lithethefatsi li fokotsa estrogen
- Tlhahlobo ea mafu
- Ho phekoloa kalafo ea limolek'hule
Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, tsoelo-pele ea bongaka e thusitse ho fetola kutloisiso ea rona ea kankere.
Tsoelo-pele ka Tlhahlobo ea Kankere ea Lebese
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950, ho hatisoa ha liphatlalatso tsa meriana ho thoe ho hōlisa tekanyo ea ho phela ha kankere ea matsoele ea sebakeng seo (lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho 80%). Mammography ke mokhoa oa pele oa ho lemoha kankere ea matsoele. Mekhoa e latelang e 'nile ea sebelisoa ho feta lilemo bakeng sa ho lemoha:
- Mammography e tloaelehileng - Ka mor'a 1967, mammography ea ho hlahloba e fumanoe e tumme ka ho kenyelletsa thepa e khethehileng bakeng sa lebese la mahlaseli. Ka nako eo, morero oa mammography - haholo-holo joalo bakeng sa MRI kajeno - e ne e le bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa lintlha tse ling tse neng li se li fumaneha. Ho hlahloba mekhoa e mengata - hona joale e eletsoa bakeng sa basali bohle ba lilemo li 40 le ho feta - e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1980.
- Boitsebiso bo bongata ba 'mino oa mechine e mengata - Boitsebiso bo bongata ba' mele bo hlahisitsoeng ka mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990 'me bo fana ka litšoantšo tse qaqileng le ho bolokoa habonolo bakeng sa litšoantšiso tsa nako e tlang, empa ha li fumanehe libakeng tse ngata, haholo-holo ka ntle ho metse le lipetlele tse kholo tsa thuto. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore liphoofolo tse nang le limela tse ngata tsa lefutso li thusa basali ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse fetang 50 ho ba le linako tse ling, le ba nang le lisele tsa letsoele. Mahlaseli a nang le mafura a seng makae a ka senya li-anomalies ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng. Bakeng sa basali ba bangata, digital ha e nepahale hape ho feta ea mammography e tloaelehileng, empa e ka ba makhetlo a mabeli a theko e tlaase ebile ha ho bonolo ho koaheloa ke inshorense.
- Lintho tse tharo tse nang le boitsebiso bo bongata - Theknoloji e ncha e amoheloang ke FDA ka 2011, mammography e meraro e ka hlahisa litšoantšo tse hlakileng ka tšepo ea ho hlahisa lik'hemik'hale tse eketsehileng le ho fokotsa palo ea liphoofolo tse hlahang hape halofong.
- Ultrasound - Ho ella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1970, lingaka li ile tsa qala ho sebelisa ultrasound ho fumana hore na cyst e se e ntse e fumaneha e ne e le e tiileng kapa e metsi, e neng e hlahlojoa ka thuso.
- MRI - Ka 2007, American Cancer Society (ACS) e khothalletsa basali ba MRIs selemo le selemo hore ba be le kotsing e kholo ea kankere ea matsoele, empa mokhoa ona oa theko e boima ebile o fumaneha metseng e meholo. Hase ultrasound kapa MRI e ka lemohang likokoana-hloko , tseo ka linako tse ling e leng letšoao feela la kankere ea pele. Ntho e 'ngoe e sa thabiseng ke hore MRI e ke ke ea khetholla kamehla kankere ea ho hlaseloa ke kankere ea benign (noncancer), e hlahisang li-biopsies tse ling - mokhoa o sebelisetsoang ho tlosa lisebelisoa tsa monoana ho tloha molomong o belaelloang.
- Litlhahlobo tsa Bongaka ba Bongaka le Boithaopi - Lekala la ACS le ne le khothalelitse litlhahlobo tsa selemo le selemo tsa lingaka le lingaka le ho hlahloba matsoele (BSEs), ka 2015, li ile tsa ntlafatsa litaelo tsa hore ha li sa buella tlhahlobo ea thobalano ea kankere bakeng sa ho hlahloba kankere ea matsoele. basali ba ipehang kotsing ka nako leha e le efe.
Phekolo, Meriana le Chemotherapy
Liphekolo tse latelang tse fapaneng li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho feta lilemo:
- Mekhoa ea ho Buoa - Mathata a maholo - ho tlosoa ha matsoele, mesifa ea sefubeng le lymph nodes-underarm - li ne li atisa ho etsoa mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1940 ho ile ha e-ba le bothata bo fetotsoeng bo fetotsoeng, bo sitisang mesifa. Lilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha sebelisoa mokhoa o fokolang oa ho buoa, o lebisitseng tlhokomelo ea ho tlosoa ha hlahala le thepa e nyenyane e potolohileng - eo hangata ho thoeng ke " lumpectomy ". Ka 1985, lumpectomy e kopantsoeng le phekolo ea radiation e fumanoe e le e atlehang e le mokhoa oa ho phalla empa o entse hore ho be le maemo a phahameng a ho khutlela sebakeng se seng.
- Mahlaseli - Ho elella bofelong ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, lingaka li ile tsa sebelisa mahlaseli a pele ho fokotsa lihlahala tsa kankere.
- Chemotherapy - E hlahisoa lilemong tsa bo-1940, chemotherapy e ka fokotsa boholo ba hlahala pele e etsoa opereishene, e thibela ho khutlela morao ka mor'a moo le ho phekola kankere e fokolisitsoeng , ke hore, e fetela ka ntle ho sebaka sa eona sa pele. Le hoja e ntse e hlahisa litla-morao, ho kenyelletsa ho nyekeloa ke pelo, mokhathala le chefo ea masapo, chemotherapy ha e le tlaase haholo kajeno ho feta lilemong tse fetileng.
Meriana ea ho senya
Mekhoa e fapaneng e latelang ea meriana e boetse e sebelisitsoe:
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modifiers (li-SERM) - li-SERM, tse kang Nolvadex (tamoxifen) , li loantša kankere e hloka hore estrogen e hōle ka ho fokotsa matla a estrogen ho kenya seleng ea kankere. Basali ba kotsing e kholo, tamoxifen e fumanoe e fokotsa ho khutlela morao le tsoelo-pele ea kankere ea matsoele e hlaselang ka 50% ha e nkoa lilemo tse hlano. Tamoxifen e beha kotsing ea kankere e sa bolaeeng ea uterine; Leha ho le joalo, kotsing e nyenyane haholo. Bo-Evista (raloxifene) , e tšoanang, le hoja e le meriana e se nang thuso, ha e fumanoe e le kotsi ea kankere ea uterine e amanang le eona. Ha ho nkoe e nkela sebaka sa tamoxifen mme e reretsoe feela bakeng sa ba nang le kankere ea matsoele ea estrogen e ntle.
- Aromatase Inhibitors - Bakeng sa basali ba ka morao-ralapausal, aromatase inhibitors - sehlopha sa meriana e akarelletsang Arimidex (anastrozole) , Aromasin (exemestane) le Femara (letrozole) - mosebetsi ka ho fokotsa estrogen e fumanoang ke lisele tsa kankere 'me e fumanoe e sebetsa haholoanyane ho feta tamoxifen ho basali ba postmenopausal le ba nang le kankere ea matsoele ea estrogen e ntle.
- Meriana ea Hormonal e reretsoeng - Herceptin (trastuzumab) ke phekolo e hlalositsoeng e ikemetseng ka mokhoa o khethehileng oa mofuta o itseng oa kankere ea matsoele e nang le protheine e ngata ea HER2 / neu holim'a eona. E senya lisele tsa kankere, empa li na le lisele tse nyenyane haholo. Herceptin e ne e kopantsoe le likotheotherapy ho fokotseha ha kankere ea matsoele ea HER2 / neu-positive ka 50%.
Thibelo le tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso
Kajeno, rea tseba hore ho ja hantle , ho ikoetlisa kamehla , ho theola boima le ho noa joala ho ka thusa basali ho fokotsa kotsi ea bona ea kankere ea matsoele.
Bakeng sa basali ba bang, khetho ea bophelo bo ka 'na ea se ke ea lekana. Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, saense e netefalitse hore liphetoho tse ling tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso BRCA1 le BRCA2 li baka ho eketseha ha 80% kotsing ea kankere ea matsoele. Basali ba bang ba fumanang hore ba kotsing e kholo ba nka mohato o moholo oa ho tlosa matsoele a bona - 'me ka linako tse ling mae a bomme, le bona-ba le ho qoba lefu lena.
Litsebi li lumela hore liphatsa tsa lefutso ke sebaka se latelang. Mekhoa e tlang e ka 'na ea akarelletsa ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho etsa phekolo ea bakuli ka bomong esita le mekhoa ea ho lokisa kapa ho beha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kotsi pele kankere ea matsoele e hlaha Leha ho le joalo, tsebo ea bongaka e eketsehang ka potlako e ka boela ea etsa hore basali ba ikutloe ba tsielehile ha ba ntse ba thulana le liqeto tse sebetsang tsa phekolo.
Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore ha u mong. Kajeno, baphonyohi ba kankere ea matsoele ke matla a matla sechabeng sa rona, ka lebaka la palo ea bona e ntseng e eketseha le ho bonahala ka liketsahalo tse kang Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa selemo sa Susan G. Komen (oa selemo) bakeng sa Pheko. Ho phaella moo, lihlopha tsa ts'ehetso ea kankere ea matsoele , metse ea Inthaneteng le liphetoho tse ling li fana ka ankora ho basali ba fumanoeng ba e-na le lefu lena.
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