Ho lemoha boloetse ba qoqotho ke mokhoa o ka kenyang mabaka a mangata, ho akarelletsa le ho hlahlojoa ha lingaka, liteko tse sa tšoaneng tsa mali, liteko tsa litšoantšo, li-biopsies le liteko tse ling. Sehloohong sena, o tla ithuta ho eketsehileng mabapi le liteko tse fapaneng tsa mali tse sebelisoang e le karolo ea lefu la lefu la qoqotho , phekolo, le ts'ebetsong e ts'oanang le ts'ebetso.
Teko ea TSH
Tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng haholo ea thyroid ke teko ea mali e lekanyang boholo ba hormone ea qoqotho e susumetsang (TSH) ka mali a hao.
Ka linako tse ling tlhahlobo eo e bitsoa thyrotropin-stimulating test hormone.
TSH e phahameng, kapa ka tsela e tloaelehileng, e nkoa e le pontšo ea hypothyroidism. TSH e "sitisoang" kapa e sa tloaelehang, e nkoa e le bopaki ba hyperthyroidism.
Hona joale, lebitso la lipatlisiso le tsoa ho tloha ho 0.5 ho ea ho 5.0. Litekanyetso tse ka holimo ho 3.0 ke bopaki ba ho khoneha ha hypothyroidism, mme litekanyetso tse ka tlaase ho 0.5 ke bopaki ba ho khoneha ha hyperthyroidism. Hlokomela hore lethathamo la lipatlisiso le fapane le basali ba nang le moimana .
Fumana tse ling ka tlhahlobo ea TSH.
Free T4 / Free Thyroxine
Thyroxine, hormone e hlahisoang ke thyroid, e boetse e tsejoa e le T4. T4 ea mahala e fana ka litekanyetso tsa mahala tsa thyroxine tse sa lefelloeng maling a hao. Free T4 e atisa ho phahama ka hyperthyroidism, 'me theoleloa ka hypothyroidism.
Maemong a T4 a mahala kapa a sa tsitsang a emela boemo ba hormone e fumanehang bakeng sa ho fumanoa le ho sebelisoa ke lisele. Mekhahlelo e mengata e emela hormone e ka 'nang ea se ke ea e-ba teng hang-hang, hobane e ameha ke lithethefatsi tse ling, ho kula, le liphetoho tsa' mele tse kang ho ima.
Hobane maemong a sa lefelloeng a T4 a tšoantšetsa hore ho na le li-hormone tse fumanehang hantle, T4 ea mahala e nahanoa hore e molemo ho bonts'a boemo ba hormone ea mokuli ho feta tekanyo ea T4 (ka tlase).
Kakaretso ea T4 / Total Thyroxine / Serum Thyroxine
Tlhahlobo ena e lekanyetsa palo ea phetoho ea thyroxine ka mali a hau. Phaello e phahameng e ka bontša hyperthyroidism, boleng bo tlaase bo ka bontša hypothyroidism.
Makhetlo a li-T4 a ka phahama ka lebaka la bokhachane, le linaheng tse phahameng tsa estrogen, ho kenyelletsa le ho sebelisa lipilisi tsa thibelo ea estrogen kapa thibelo ea bokhachane .
Free T3 / Free Triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine ke hormone e sebetsang ea qoqotho , hape e tsejoa e le T3. T3 ea mahala e fana ka litekanyetso tse sa lefelloeng tsa triiodothyronine maling a hao. Free T3 e nkoa e nepahetse ho feta Total T3. Free T3 e atisa ho phahama ho hyperthyroidism, mme e theoleloa ka hypothyroidism.
Kakaretso T3 / Kakaretso Triiodothyronine
Kakaretso T3 e atisa ho phahama ka hyperthyroidism, mme e theoleloa ka hypothyroidism.
T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU) / T7
Ha tlhahlobo ea mali e etsoa ka T3 le T4, tlhahlobo ea T3 ea resin (T3RU) ka linako tse ling e bitsoa teko ea T7. Tlhahlobo ena e lekanya boholo ba libaka tse tlamang tse sa tsitsitseng ho li-hormone tsa ho tsamaisa (li tlama). T3RU e phahameng e atisa ho bonoa ka hyperthyroidism.
Thyroglobulin / Tg
Thyroglobulin (Tg) ke protheine e hlahisoang ke thyroid. Litekanyetso tsa Tg li tlase kapa ha li fumanehe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa qoqotho empa e ka phahama ka thyroiditis, lefu la Graves kapa kankere ea qoqotho. Tlhokomelo ea litekanyetso tsa Tg e atisa ho sebelisoa ho hlahloba katleho ea phekolo ea kankere ea qoqotho le ho hlahloba phetoho ea kankere ea qoqotho.
Khutlela T3
Ha 'mele o khathatsehile, ho e-na le ho fetola T4 ho T3 - mofuta o sebetsang oa hormone ea qoqotho -' mele o boloka matla ka ho etsa se tsejoang e le Reverse T3 (RT3), mofuta o sa sebetseng oa hormone ea T3. Bohlokoa ba litekanyetso tsa RT3 ha ho fumanoa lits'ebeletso ke tsekisano, joalokaha lingaka tse ling li lumela hore 'mele o ntse o tsoela pele ho hlahisa RT3 ho e-na le ho sebetsa ka T3, e leng se hlahisang ho haelloa ke matla a li-hormone tsa T3 tse sebetsang.
Likokoana-hloko tsa Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) (TPOAb) / Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies
Likokoana-hloko tsa Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO), li boetse li tsejoa e le Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies.
(Nakong e fetileng, li-antibodies tsena li ne li boetse li bitsoa Antithyroid Microsomal Antibodies kapa Antimicrosomal Antibodies).
Li-antibodies tsena li loantša qoqotho ea peroxidase, e leng enzyme e phethang karolo ea T4-to-T3 ho fetolela le mokhoa oa ho qaptjoa. Li-antibodies tsa TPO e ka ba bopaki ba timetso ea lefuba, e kang lefu la Hashimoto, le ka tsela e sa tloaelehang, ka mefuta e meng ea thyroiditis e kang post-partum thyroiditis.
Ho hakanyetsoa hore lithibela-mafu tsa TPO li ka fumanoa hoo e ka bang karolo ea 95 lekholong ea bakuli ba nang le Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 'me karolo ea 50 ho isa ho 85 lekholong ea bakuli ba lefu la Graves. Maqhubu a li-antibodies a fumanehang ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la Graves hangata a fokotseha ho feta bakuli ba nang le lefu la Hashimoto.
Li-antibodies tsa Thyroglobulin / Antithyroglobulin
Tlhahlobo ea li-antibodies tsa thyroglobulin (hape e bitsoa antithyroglobulin antibodies) e sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba lisosa tsa boipheliso tsa maemo a qoqotho. Haeba u se u fumanoe u e-na le lefu la Graves, ho ba le li-antibodies tse phahameng tsa thyroglobulin ho bolela hore u ka 'na ua qetella u e-na le hypothyroid. Li-antibodies tsa Thyroglobulin li na le liphello tse ka bang 60 lekholong tsa bakuli ba Hashimoto le karolo ea 30 lekholong ea bakuli ba Graves.
Likokoana-hloko tse susumetsang li-immunoglobulin (TSI) / TSH e Susumetsang Antibodies (TSAb)
Litšireletso tsa TSH (TRAb) li bonoa ho bakuli ba bangata ba nang le histori ea, kapa ba nang le hona joale, lefu la Graves. Hangata teko e etsoa bakeng sa mofuta o itseng oa TRAB o susumetsang o tsamaeang ka mabitso a sa tšoaneng, ho kenyelletsa:
- Li-immunoglobulin tsa ho qoqa le qoqotho (TSI)
- Li-anti-TSH tse matlafatsang (TSAb)
Li-immunoglobulins tsa motheako oa qoqotho li ka fumanoa ho batho ba bangata ba tšoeroeng ke lefu la Graves, 'me likhakanyo li li fumanoa ke karolo ea 75 ho isa ho 90 lekholong ea bakuli ba lefu la Graves. Ha maemo a phahame ka ho fetisisa, ho nahanoa hore lefu la Graves le sebetsa haholo. (Ho ba sieo ha li-antibodies tsena ha ho joalo, ho thibela lefu la Graves.)
Ka tloaelo, batho ba bang ba nang le lefu la Hashimoto le bona ba na le li-antibodies tsena, 'me sena se ka baka likaroloana tsa nakoana tsa hyperthyroidism.
Ha ho hlahlojoa li-TSI, litekanyetso tse phahameng li ka thusa ho bolela esale pele ho khutla ha mafu a Graves, 'me maemong a TSI a theolelang a ka' na a bontša hore phekolo ea mafu a Graves e sebetsa.
Tlhokomelo ea likhahla ke ea bohlokoa haholo nakong ea bokhachane, hobane maemo a phahameng, haholo-holo nakong ea bokhachane ba pelehi le nakong ea boraro ea boraro, ke ntlha ea kotsi bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha qoqotho ea fetal kapa ea neonatal. Li-antibodies tsa TSI tsa 'mè li ka fetisetsa lesea le e-s'o tsoaloe ka har'a placenta, ho etsa ngoana hyperthyroid ho utero, kapa ha a tsoaloa. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore karolo ea 10 lekholong ea basali ba nang le boimana ba nang le lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa likhutsana le bana ba hlahisang bana ba nang le hyperthyroidism e fokolang.
Lisebelisoa:
Braverman, MD, Lewis E., le Robert D. Utiger, MD. Werner le Ingbar's The Thyroid: Tlhaloso ea Bohlokoa le ea Bongaka. 9th ed. , Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW), 2012.
Roti, Elio, le. al. "TSH Receptor Mekanyo ea Thibelo ea Phokotso le Tlhokomelo ea Maloetse a Mabitla ke Nako ea Bohlokoa," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 83, No. 37 3781-3784 http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/83/11/3781
Spencer, Carol. "Tlhahlobo ea Lihomone tsa Thyroid le Lintho Tse Amanang," Mookameli oa Thyroid . La 6 February, 2004. http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter/assay-of-thyroid-hormones-and-related-substances/