Haeba o kile oa lematsa molala kapa morao mosebetsing, mohlomong o kile oa ba le bothata ba mesifa. Lefu la mesifa, le atisang ho bitsoa MSD ka nakoana, le hlalosoa e le bothata bo hlahang mosebetsing - le haeba ho nka nako e itseng ho hlahisa - e amang methapo ea hau, mesifa le / kapa tendons.
Li-MSD ke tsona tse tlatsetsang ka ho fetisisa ho lahleheloa ke nako ea mosebetsi mosebetsing.
Ho ea ka OSHA, e leng Occupational Safety le Health Agency ea 'muso oa US federal, hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea likotsi tsa mosebetsing e ileng ea etsahala ka 2015 e ne e le ma-MSD.
Kotsi ea mesifa e tšehetsoeng mosebetsing e ka lefella mohiri ho feta $ 30,000.
Ka 2015, moahi oa matsatsi a 8 o ile a lahleheloa ke mosebeletsi ka mong bakeng sa likotsi tsohle tse sa bolaeeng, tse kenyeletsang, empa li sa lekanyetsoa, li-MSD. Seo se boletse, palo ea matsatsi a tlohang mosebetsing ka lebaka la kotsi e fapane haholo ho ea ka indasteri.
Mefuta ea Mosebetsi e Amanang le Tsotsi ea Masoka
CDC, mokhatlo o mong oa 'muso o amehang ka bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, o re basebeletsi ba' mele ba na le kotsing ea ho eketsa kotsi ea MSDs, hammoho le ho mpefala ha maemo a teng. Mehlala ea likotsi tse ka fetoloang ke ergonomics e futsanehileng li kenyelletsa, empa ha li lekane, li kenyelletsa mathata a mesifa, li-ligament sprains, lefu la carpal tunnel syndrome, le tse ling.
Ka tlase lethathamo le leng le ho feta.
- Mathata a mesifa ea morao
- Ligament sprains
- Metsing e meholo
- Ho senyeha ha sekhahla sa spinal
- Mahlaba a khutšoanyane
- Matšoao a khatello ea kelello
- Sciatica
- Herniated disc
Sesosa sa kotsi sa MSD Exposures
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) e nka bohato bo eketsehileng ka ho khetholla MSD e le karabelo ea 'mele, eseng ka lebaka la ho slide, ho oa kapa ho tsamaea.
Li bolela eng ka see? Na ho oa ha ho arabela?
Hase haholo. Tabeng ena, karabelo ea 'mele e tsamaisa' mele oa hau o ntse o sebetsa ts'ebetsong ea ho phethahatsa tlhaloso ea mosebetsi. BLS e nka ho kokotha, ho hloa, ho phalla, ho fihlella le ho sotha joaloka likarabo tsa 'mele.
Hona le likarolo tsa 'mele, BLS e re ho tlōla tekano le ts'ebetso e pheta-pheta ho ka nyoloha kotsing ea MSD. Ho e lumela kapa che, ho tsitsisa maikutlo le ho tsamaea ka makhetlo a mangata ho ka ba karolo ea mosebetsi oa ho lula. Nahana ka se etsahalang ha u thaepa ka khomphuteng letsatsi lohle: Litao tsa hau li tsamaea kamehla, ha mesifa e laolang maqeba a hao e sebetsa ka thata ho tšehetsa motsoako ona.
Ha sena se etsahala, ho thoe, ka mantsoe a ergonomic, ho "pepesoa" litsing tse bakang kotsi bakeng sa mathata a amanang le 'mele. Ho joalo le haeba mosebetsi oa hau o hloka hore u phahamise lintho tse boima, u khumame, u fihle, u sutumelle kapa u hule meja e boima le tse ling.
Lipontšo li boetse li bitsoa "likotsi."
Ntho e 'ngoe e ka khonehang ea ho ipeha kotsing ea MSD ke maikutlo a ho se nke lehlakore kapa' ho se mamele '' mele. Haeba mochine oa hau o behoa ka lehlakoreng le le leng, mohlala, sena se ka 'na sa bolela molala oa hau o lula sebakeng se sothehileng letsatsi lohle. Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, ts'ehetso e tsitsitseng kapa e sa thabiseng e isa mahlomoleng, hape.
Le mosebetsi o boima, ho tsuba, letšoao le phahameng la 'mele - ke hore, ho ba bobebe - ho ba le boemo bo boima ba bophelo bo botle le / kapa mesebetsi e sithabetsang ea mosebetsi e ka eketsa kotsi.
Lethathamo la "molao" la ho pepeseha kotsi kotsing mosebetsing, ka OSHA, ke ka tsela e latelang:
- Matla a feteletseng, a amanang le ho phahamisa lintho tse boima, ho hula le ho tsuba le likarolo tse tšoanang tsa 'mele. Matla a feteletseng a ka boela a sebelisoa ho manonyeletso a sa tsamaeeng haholo, joalo ka ha ho buuoe ka holimo ka mokhoa oa ho thapa.
- Ho pheta-pheta, ho joalo ka mefuta e meng ea fektheri mosebetsing, hape, ho thapa.
- Ho ipeha boemong bo sa tloaelehang, bo ka 'nang ba hlaha ka lebaka la boemo bo bobe ba ho sebetsa.
- Cold.
- Ho fokola. (Nahana mookameli oa jackhammer.)
- Kenyelletso ea efe kapa efe e ka holimo.
U lokela ho etsa'ng ha u fumana MSD At Work?
Litaba tse monate ke hore li-MSD tse amanang le mosebetsi li ka thibeloa, ho latela OSHA. Ka ho sebelisa melao-motheo ea ergonomics - e leng ho lokisetsa mosebetsi ho mosebeletsi, ho e-na le mosebetsing - u ka khona ho qoba kapa ho fokotsa mokhathala oa mesifa, kapa ho fokotsa ka bobeli palo le matla a li-MSD tse amanang le mosebetsi.
Li-MSD tse amanang le mosebetsi tse hlokang phekolo ea meriana ho feta thuso ea pele, ho fuoa mosebetsi o boima, kapa tse bakang matšoao a qetellang ka beke kapa nako e telele, a bitsoa liketsahalo tsa MSD. Haeba u na le ketsahalo ea MSD, u lokela ho e tlalehela mohiri oa hau. Bahiri ba hlokoa ke molao ho nka tlaleho ea hau ka botebo, ho se batle tefello hobane u buile, 'me maemong a mangata ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea meriana e loketseng.
Lisebelisoa:
> da Costa, B., Pherekano, E. Am J Ind Med. March 2010. Lisosa tsa kotsi bakeng sa mathata a bakoang ke lefu la mosebetsi: Tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng ea lithuto tsa morao tjena tsa longitudinal. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19753591
Ergonomics Program. Melao e behiloeng. Setjhaba sa Tsamaiso # 64: 65768-66078 Tlhahlobo # 1910. La 23 November 1999.
> Hlalosa mathata. Tšireletseho le Bophelo bo Botle. OSHA website. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/identifyprobs.html
> Litaba tse lokollang ho se sebetse ha bolulo le ho kula ho hlokang hore matsatsi a tlohe mosebetsing, 2015. Lipalo-palo tsa basebetsi. Lefapha la Basebetsi la United States. November 2016.
> Thibelo ea Mathata a Muscleskeletal Mosebetsing. Ergonomics. OSHA.gov website. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/
> Matšoao a Likokoana-hloko le Li-Ergonomics tse amanang le mosebetsi. Ho Ntlafatsa Bophelo ba Bophelo. Websaete ea CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/