E ka 'na eaba u hlokometse hore ho na le boitsebiso bo bongata hammoho le mekhatlo e bakang leukemia le lymphoma hammoho. Ke phapang efe le ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa leukemias le lymphomas?
Phapang Pakeng Tsa Leukemi le Lymphomas
Hangata li-leukemi le li-lymphomas li bokelloa hammoho. Lebaka la sena ke hore ba bobeli ba nkoa e le "kankere" e amanang le mali.
Sena se fapane le "lihlahala tse tiileng" tse kang kankere ea matsoele kapa kankere ea matšoafo.
Re tla tšohla tse ling tsa liphapang tsena ho tsoa litlhaloso le tšimoloho ea lisele, empa ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hang-hang hore ho na le ho fapana. Ho na le phapang e ngata har'a sehlopha sa kankere tse bitsoa leukemias hammoho le har'a maloetse a khetholloang e le lymphomas. Ha e le hantle, u tla hlokomela hore ka nako e 'ngoe e' ngoe ea litšoaneleho tsa kankere ea mali ke ea tloaelehileng ho mofuta o mong oa lymphoma ho feta ho tse ling tsa leukemias, le ka tsela e fapaneng. Mohlala ke ha re bua ka liphapang tsa lilemo tseo lik'hemik'hale tsena li hlahang ho tsona. Lefuemia ke kankere e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea bongoaneng, 'me re atisa ho nahana ka leukemia e le mafu a bongoaneng le lymphomas e le lik'hemik'hale tse hlahang ho batho ba baholo. Leha ho le joalo mefuta e mengata ea kankere ea mali e atile haholo bathong ba baholo, ha mefuta e meng ea lymphoma, e kang Hodgkin's lymphoma , e atisa ho fumanoa ho bacha.
Ha re hlokomela hore ho na le lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng le tse ling tse ngata, a re hlahlobeng phapang e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa leukemias le lymphomas.
1. Tlhaloso e fapaneng ea Leukemia le Lymphoma
Lefuemia le lymphoma li hlalosoa ka tsela e ka 'nang ea bonahala eka e makatsa ka litekanyetso tsa kajeno, ka mekhoa e mengata le likhopolo tse ngata tse qapetsoeng.
Sena ke karolo e 'ngoe hobane litlhaloso tsena li ile tsa ntlafatsoa khale, ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1800. Ho na le phapang e 'meli ea bohlokoa litabeng, ho qala ka:
- Ntho e 'ngoe e ka sehloohong eo u lokelang ho e ela hloko ke hore na malignancy e atisa ho amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, kapa leukocyte, tse potolohang ho potoloha ha lipalangoang, kapa mali. Lisele tsa 'mele tse khubelu le tse tšoeu li thehoa ka har'a masapo a mang a' meleng, lerong la masapo , 'me "mali a phallo" a hlalosa lisele tseo tse li entseng methapong ea mali' me ha li sa le mofutheng. Ho feteletsa ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali mokhoeng oa mali o sa tloaelehang ho tloaelehile haholo ka kankere ea mali.
- Ntho e 'ngoe e ka sehloohong eo u lokelang ho e tseba ka eona ke hore na lefu lena le qala ho kenngoa mongoaneng, oo hape o leng oa tloaelehileng oa kankere ea mali.
Joale, a re hlahlobeng mantsoe a bongaka a sebelisetsoeng ho hlalosa lelekemia le lymphoma.
- Lymphoma e hlalosoa e le "ntho leha e le efe e bolaeang ea lisele tsa lymphoid." Kahoo, ke lisele life tsa lymphoid, u botsa? Lisele tsa lymphoid li akarelletsa lisele le litho tsa 'mele. Lihlopha-ho akarelletsa le lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali-le litho-ho akarelletsa le thymus , bone ea moko, lymph nodes le spleen. Mofuta o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa lisele tsa lymphoid ke lymphocyte . Ho phaella lithong, lisele tsa lymphoid li boetse li kenyelletsa lihlopha tsa lisele tse teng 'meleng oohle, libakeng tse ts'oanelang ho loantša bahlaseli. Mehlala ea liwebsaeteng tsena li kenyeletsa lithane, libaka tsa phefumoloho, tlas'a mongobo o nang le mongobo o kang oa matšoao a moriana, le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele.
- Lefuemia e hlalosoa e le "boloetse bo tsoelang pele, bo bolaeang ba litho tse entsoeng mali, tse khetholloang ke ho ata ha li-leukocyte le li-precursor tsa tsona maling le marong." Kahoo, litho tsa mofuta o etsang mali li botsa eng? Ho batho ba baholo, mokoallo oa masapo o hlahisa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, boholo ba lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse bitsoang granulocytes . Ha nts'etsopele ea lymphocyte e qala mongobo, ba fallela lithong tsa lymphoid, haholo-holo thymus, spleen le lymph nodes, 'me lisele tsena li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele le ho nona ha li-lymphocyte. (Ho na le phapang pakeng tsa lymphocyte B ( lisele tsa B ) le li-lymphocyte tsa T ( lisele tsa T ) empa molemong oa puisano ena re ke ke ra e koahela mona.) Mahlahahlaha a khethehileng a sebete, sebete, lymph nodes le litho tse ling le tsona ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho nchafatsa ha monocyte .
Mokhoa ona o felletseng oa ho utloisisa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ka thusa ho hlakisa likarolo le libaka tsa lisele tsa mali le lisele tsa lymphoid' meleng.
* Hlokomela: Haeba ho bonahala eka tlhaloso mona ea kankere ea mali le lymphoma e feta ka litsela tse ngata, o nepahetse. Sena se tla sebetsanoa haholo ka tlase.
2. Matšoao a fapaneng pakeng tsa Leukemi le Lymphomas
Lefuemia le lymphoma ha li fumanoe li thehiloe matšoao feela; matšoao a mangata a teng kapa ha a totobetse holima lefu, ha matšoao a mang a ka 'na a e-ba le litšobotsi tse ngata tsa lefu le leng kapa le leng.
Matšoao a lymphoma a fapane 'me a ka' na a akarelletsa ho ruruha ho se nang bohloko ha lymph nodes . Li-lymph node tsena li ka bonahala molala oa hau, mokokotlo kapa ho phomola, kapa ho e-na le hoo li ka bonoa lithupong tsa litšoantšo (tse kang li-nast mediinal, node retroperitoneal, le tse ling.) Matšoao a mang a ka kenyelletsa mokhathala o tsitsitseng, feberu, le likhahla, bosiu bosiu kapa ho lahleheloa ke boima bo sa hlakang.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea kankere ea mali e ka hlahisa matšoao a kang masapo le mahlakoreng, mokhathala, bofokoli, letlalo le hlabang (ka lebaka la maemo a tlase a lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, tse tsejoang e le mali a mali ,) ho tsoa mali kapa ho senya habonolo (ka lebaka la maemo a tlase a li-platelet, kapa thrombocytopenia,) feberu, tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele, le matšoao a mang, ho akarelletsa le ho ruruha ha lymph nodes, spleen le sebete.
Batho ba nang le lymphomas ba ka 'na ba e-na le matšoao a buang ka matšoao a B, ao hangata a bontšang kankere e matla haholo kapa e potlakileng. B matšoao a lymphoma a kenyelletsa feberu, ho lahleheloa ke boima ka boomo, le ho koahela bosiu bosiu,
Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Li-Cell le Misele ea Lekala
Ho hlalosa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lisele le tšimoloho ea kankere pakeng tsa leukemi le lymphomas ho bonolo ka ho hlalosa mefuta e fokolang ea mafu ana.
Ho na le mefuta e mabeli ea motheo ea kankere ea mali.
Mona tse peli tsa pele ke tsena:
1. Mokokotlo oa lefu la myeloid, kapa AML
2. Lefu la myeloid le sa foleng, kapa CML
Joalokaha mabitso ana a bontša, mefuta e 'meli ea leukemia ke "myeloid," e bolelang "kapa joaloka mokoallo oa masapo," e leng ntho e utloahalang, kaha bone ea bone ke fektheri ea' mele bakeng sa ho etsa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali. Empa lentsoe "myeloid" le boetse le bolela sehlopha sa lisele tse khethollang, kapa li hōla, ho tloha ho moholo-holo ea tloaelehileng- selefouno ea moloko oa myeloid . Ka hona, ka lebaka la 'myeloid' eo ka lebitso, re bua ka lisele tse mahlahahlaha a entseng mali a tsoang sefateng se le seng sa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali.
Joale shebang mefuta ea bobeli ea kankere ea mali:
3. Acute lymphocytic leukemia, kapa ALL
4. Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia, kapa CLL
Hona joale, ka ALL le CLL, ho ka 'na ha bonahala eka re mathateng a mangata le litlhaloso tsa rona ...
Mefuta e 'meli ea bobeli ea kankere ea mali e tsoa ho ... lymphocyte lineage .
Ha e le hantle, ALL le CLL e lokela ho ba li-lymphomas, joale, ho nepahetse? -e li-lymphocytic-le li-lymphocyte ke mofuta oa sele e leng karolo ea lisele tsa lymphoid. Hantle, eseng haholo. Le hoja li-lymphocytes e le lisele tsa bohlokoa meleng ea lymphoid, li qala ka mokong oa masapo 'me li fallela lithong tsa lymphoid. Ho phaella moo, hona joale ke nako ea ho khutlela ho karolo eo e nang le kankere ho tlhaloso ea kankere ea mali: "... e khetholloang ke ho ata ha likokoana-hloko le ho nts'etsopele ha leukocyte le li-precursor tsa eona maling le marong."
Ho ata, kapa ho eketseha le ho ata, ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le li-precursor tsa tsona lefung la masapo -le ho ba teng maling-ke karolo ea tlhaloso ea Leukemia e sebeletsang ho khetholla li-leukemia tse ngata ho tsoa lymphmas tse ngata.
Mona ke mefuta e 2 ea motheo ea lymphoma:
1. Hodgkin's lymphoma, kapa HL
2. Hase-Hodgkin's lymphoma, kapa NHL
Mefuta e mengata ea kankere e tsoa lymphocytes kapa li-precursors tsa tsona-lisele tsena tsa lymphoma hangata li ke ke tsa hlahella mali a tšoaetsanoang, e leng se bolelang hore ha li khone ho bitsoa leukemias hantle.
** Ho na le mekhelo. Hape, mefuta e meng ea boloetse e na le litšobotsi tse nang le kankere ea mali le lymphoma.
4. Ho fapana ho ts'ebetsong pakeng tsa Leukemi le Lymphomas
Ho na le phapang pakeng tsa ts'oaetso, kapa hangata li-leukemi le lymphomas li etsahala joang. Ka kakaretso, batho ba bangata ba hlahisa lymphomas ho feta leukemias.
Litekanyetso tsa Mokhatlo oa American Cancer ke tsena bakeng sa linyeoe tse ncha ka 2017 tse qhetsoeng ke li-subtypes:
Lymphoma - batho ba 80 500
- 72 240 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 8 260 Hodgkin's lymphoma
Lefuemia - batho ba 62 101
- 21380 lefu la myeloid leukemia
- 6 660 e sa foleng ea myeloid leukemia
- 5,970 acute lymphocytic leukemia
- 20110 lefu la kankere ea mali e sa foleng ea lymphocytic
- Tse ling tse 5 720 tse nang le kankere ea mali
5. Ho fapana le Mehla ea ho Hlahloba pakeng tsa Leukemi le Lymphomas
Lefuemia ke kankere e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea bongoana, ho ikarabella bakeng sa karolo ea boraro ea lik'hemik'hale tsohle ho bana. Sehlopha sa bobeli se tloaelehileng haholo sa kankere ea bongoaneng ke liketso tse mpe tsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo, ho akarelletsa le lihlahala tsa boko. Ha ho bapisoa, li-lymphomas li na le karolo ea 10 lekholong ea kankere ea bongoaneng.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-lymphomas tse ngata li tloaelehile ho batho ba fetang lilemo tse 55.
Ka mohlala, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea leukemia e sa tloaelehang ho batho ba hōlileng, athe Hodgkin's lymphoma e na le tlhōrō ea pele ea sekhahla pakeng tsa lilemo tse 15 le 40.
Tlhaloso ea Tlhaho ho Tšoanang le ho Fapana Pakeng tsa Leukemi le Lymphomas
Li-leukemi le li-lymphomas tse peli li nkoa e le "kankere e amanang le mali" 'me e kenyelletsa lisele tse etsang karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Ho na le phapang e akaretsang lipakeng tsa tse peli tse boletsoeng ka holimo, leha ho le joalo ha li robehile ke li-leukemi le li-lymphomas tse itseng tse ngata.
Mohlomong phapang e kholo ke ho khetholla lik'hemik'hale tsena tse amanang le mali le "lihlahala tse tiileng." Ka kakaretso, phekolo e eketsang tebello ea bophelo e tsoetse pele ho ba nang le li-leukemia le lymphomas tse tsoetseng pele ho feta ba nang le li-tumor tse tsoetseng pele. Ka mohlala, ho sibolloa ha thepa e entsoeng ka letsoho Gleevec (imatinib) e fetotse boloetse bo sa foleng ba myeloid le lefu lena ho tloha lefatsing le bolaeang ho isa boemong boo re ka bo fumanang hangata joaloka lefu le sa foleng, ho laola lefu lena ka nako e sa lekanyetsoang. Lefu la lefu le nang le lymphocytic ka nako e 'ngoe hangata le bolaea kapele, leha ho le joalo, karolo ea 90 lekholong ea bana ba nang le boloetse bona ba ka phekoloa hona joale. Bakeng sa ba nang le lymphoma ea Hodgkin, tebello ea bophelo e ntlafalitse haholo. Lefu lena le neng le e-na le karolo ea 10 lekholong ea lilemo tse 5 tse fetileng, hona joale e na le lilemo tse 5 tsa palo ea batho ba fetang karolo ea 90 lekholong bakeng sa mathoasong a mararo le karolo ea 50 lekholong bakeng sa maloetse a 4.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litapole tse ngata tse tiileng, tse kang kankere ea matsoele, kankere ea matšoafo le kankere ea pancreatic ha li folisoe 'me hangata li bolaea ka nako. Seo se boletse hore litsela tse ling tsa phekolo, joalo ka litlhare tse amanang le litlhare le tsa immunotherapy li fana ka tšepo ea hore ba nang le lihlahala tse tiileng qetellong ba tla latela tsoelo-pele ea bophelo ba batho ba bangata ba nang le kankere e amanang le mali hona joale.
> Mohloli
- > Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika. Lintlha le Mefuta ea Kankere 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
- > Mokhatlo oa Kankere ea Sechaba. Motho e moholo e seng oa Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. E ntlafalitsoe ka 04/13/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq
- > Mokhatlo oa Kankere ea Sechaba. Motho e moholo oa Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. E fetotsoe 01/27/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq
- > Mokhatlo oa Kankere ea Sechaba. Bothata ba ho ba le bana bo botle ba lefu la Leukemia Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. E ntlafalitsoe ka 04/14/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq